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The art of rhetoric
Aristotle developed the Rhetoric during two periods when he was in Athens, the first, from 367-347 BCE (when he was second to Plato in the academy); and the second, from 335-322 BCE (when he was running his own school, the Lyceum). The study of rhetoric was contested in classical Greece: on one side were the sophists, and on the other were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. The trio saw rhetoric and poetry as tools that were too often used to manipulate others by appealing to emotion and omitting facts. They accused the sophists in particular--including Gorgias and Isocrates of this sort of manipulation. Plato blamed sophistical rhetoric for the arrest and the death of Socrates.
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